PILONIDAL CYST

WHAT IS
A PILONIDAL CYST?

A pilonidal cyst, or pilonidal sinus, is a chronic inflammation in the tailbone area. The cyst is usually formed by hair turning inward into the skin at the level of the coccyx, although there’s also a possibility it could be congenital, meaning it pre-exists from embryonic life.

SYMPTOMS OF PILONIDAL CYST

A pilonidal cyst typically appears as an inflammation in the tailbone area (above the anus) which, if not treated promptly, can grow to significant proportions. When inflamed, it causes intense pain and often coexists with a discharge of foul-smelling pus from a small skin opening (sinus). Additionally, the inflammation can, in some cases, cause fever, fatigue, and nausea.

WHO IS AFFECTED

Pilonidal cysts are very common, particularly in men from adolescence to the age of 40, especially in hairy or obese individuals, but they can also appear in others.

Sedentary occupations may exacerbate the condition. A characteristic of pilonidal cysts is that they contain hair.

People should be concerned if they see one or more small holes in the area from which fluid is leaking and hair is often visible.

THE DOCTOR
ADVISES

Treatment of a pilonidal cyst depends on the state of the disease. An acute abscess is usually controlled by incision and drainage to release the pus, reduce inflammation, and relieve the patient’s pain. However, this approach doesn’t permanently cure the cyst, and when the condition improves, definitive treatment with total cyst removal is required.

A chronic pilonidal cyst is effectively treated only by surgery. The classic surgical technique involves complete removal of the cyst, along with the accompanying ducts and sinuses (pits), to prevent future recurrence.
In the classic surgical technique (open method), the cyst is completely removed along with the accompanying ducts and sinuses, and the wound is left open. With this method, the chance of recurrence, which is the major problem in treating pilonidal cysts, is minimal.

Subsequently, daily wound changes are made, initially by the doctor and then by the patient or a relative. Special dressings are used in these changes so that there is no pain at all and the patient feels comfortable throughout the 24-hour period.

The most modern technique for treating pilonidal cysts is endoscopic ablation of the cyst using LASER.

THE PROCEDURE

CONSULTATION

THE SURGERY

RECOVERY

Our first priority is to provide you with the information you need to understand your condition. During the consultation:
We examine your symptoms and take your medical history.
We conduct a detailed clinical examination to assess the severity of the cyst.
We inform you about all available treatment options, from conservative approaches to surgical intervention.
The consultation is personalized, as each case is different. Our goal is to offer you clear guidance and support so that you can make the right decisions for your health.

The duration of the surgical procedure for pilonidal cyst depends on the method used and the severity of the condition. Generally:

Simple cases: The procedure lasts about 30-45 minutes.
More complex cases: In cases of extensive inflammation or recurrences, the procedure may last up to 1 hour.

Modern techniques, such as minimally invasive methods, allow for faster and safer completion of the procedure.
After the surgery, most patients return home on the same day, depending on the course of recovery.

Depending on the surgical method used (open or closed technique), recovery may include:
Home recovery: The majority of patients return home on the same day.
Pain management: Pain is usually mild and managed with analgesics prescribed by your doctor.
Wound care: Regular dressing changes and keeping the area clean are required to prevent infections.

FAQs

What are the symptoms of a pilonidal cyst?

The symptoms of a pilonidal cyst are:

Abscess (inflammatory mass) in the tailbone area
Swelling
Intense irritation (redness & burning sensation)
Discharge of purulent fluid
Acute pain
Fever (in some cases)
Chills

Is the procedure for treating pilonidal cyst considered routine?

Surgeons can relieve patients of pilonidal cysts as painlessly and quickly as possible, due to advances in medical science and medical technology. Thus, treatment for pilonidal cyst becomes a routine matter.

I have inflammation in the pilonidal cyst and I'm taking antibiotics. Why doesn't the inflammation subside?

Most likely an abscess has formed, which is treated with a simple surgical incision under local anesthesia. Antibiotics alone are not enough, and if the abscess is not opened, the inflammation and pain will not subside.

I have a pilonidal cyst. Can it only be treated surgically?

There is no medication that cures pilonidal cysts. Therefore, the patient must undergo surgery.

When is bathing in the sea or pool allowed after endoscopic laser surgery for pilonidal cyst?

Since there is no open wound, the patient can freely bathe in a clean sea or pool 3-4 days after the procedure. It’s good to change swimwear after bathing.

In the case of open surgery for pilonidal cyst, entering the sea is not allowed until the wound is fully healed.

Should I take any medications after the procedure?

In the vast majority of cases, no painkillers are required postoperatively. However, the surgeon may prescribe an analgesic-painkiller medication. If you experience any symptoms such as pain, discomfort, irritation, or burning in the area where the procedure was performed, don’t hesitate to take it.