HERNIA SURGERY
WHAT IS
A HERNIA?
A hernia is the protrusion of an intra-abdominal organ or part of it through a weak point outside the abdominal wall.
Hernias usually appear as a small or larger bulge under the skin. They are caused by increased intra-abdominal pressure and the existence of a “weak” point in the abdominal area.
The weak points of the abdominal wall include openings that serve the passage of corresponding anatomical elements.
Hernia openings can refer to areas in the abdominal region with reduced resistance to intra-abdominal pressure or areas where the wall weakens due to congenital defective construction, age, or previous surgical trauma. When intra-abdominal pressure increases, a gap is created, which can facilitate the passage of an organ (usually a part of the intestine or intra-abdominal fat).
A hernia can be congenital, meaning it exists from birth, or acquired, meaning it appears later, usually during adult life.
TYPES OF HERNIAS
INGUINAL HERNIAS
FEMORAL HERNIAS
UMBILICAL HERNIAS
INCISIONAL HERNIAS
EPIGASTRIC HERNIAS
WHO IS AFFECTED
A hernia can occur at any age, in men or women.
The most common signs that warn us of the existence of a hernia are:
- Pain that is often intense in the affected area
- A bulge that may periodically disappear and reappear
- Discomfort when coughing or sneezing
Additionally, in many cases, the patient may not have any of the above symptoms but may feel local swelling.
In any case, a hernia with milder symptoms cannot be characterized as less dangerous than a hernia with intense symptoms.
THE DOCTOR ADVISES
Often, an abdominal wall hernia does not present symptoms, at least in its initial stage. Many hernias remain asymptomatic for a long time, perhaps even years. As a result, sufferers often postpone dealing with their hernia if it doesn’t cause them any discomfort. However, this decision carries serious risks, as no abdominal wall hernia, no matter how small, can be characterized as harmless. The possibility of strangulation (an extremely serious complication of a hernia) is not rare and cannot be predicted when it will occur. But when it does occur, it can seriously endanger the patient’s health.
Hernia strangulation occurs when the intra-abdominal organ is permanently trapped within the hernia sac, making it impossible to reduce it into the abdominal cavity. The strangulated organ is compressed, resulting in initially blocking its venous drainage and creating edema. Due to the edema, the arterial supply (blood flow) of the organ is very soon interrupted, resulting in ischemia and necrosis.
Hernia strangulation is an absolute indication for immediate surgical intervention, as if not addressed, it can even endanger the patient’s life.
Symptoms that should alarm the patient are:
Fever
Redness and local heat
Inability to pass stool
Nausea & vomiting
Tachycardia
Inflammation of the area
Abdominal pain
THE PROCEDURE
CONSULTATION
THE SURGERY
RECOVERY
A hernia diagnosis can cause concern, but proper pre-operative consultation is crucial to fully understand your condition and prepare correctly for the next step.
During the consultation, we will assess the severity of the hernia and explain the available treatment options. We will discuss if and when you should proceed with surgery, based on the location and type of hernia, as well as the symptoms you’re experiencing.
Pre-operative consultation includes:
- Situation analysis: Assessing the size and type of hernia, as well as the likelihood of complications.
- Procedure information: We explain the surgical procedure, modern techniques used, and recovery time.
- Tests and preparation: Advice on necessary pre-operative tests and actions you should follow to be ready.
- Addressing concerns: Direct answers to all your questions and guidance on what to expect from the surgical outcome.
Hernia surgery usually lasts from 30 to 60 minutes depending on the type and extent of the hernia. In the case of laparoscopic (minimally invasive) method, the duration of the procedure may be slightly longer due to the equipment used.
Recovery from hernia surgery varies depending on the extent of the procedure. Generally:
- After open surgery, recovery can take 2 to 4 weeks, depending on the patient’s condition.
• For laparoscopic procedures, recovery time is usually shorter, and patients can return to their daily activities within a few days.
BEFORE
& AFTER
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FAQs
What is a hernia?
A hernia is a condition where an organ or tissue, such as a part of the intestine, protrudes through a weak spot in the surrounding muscles or connective tissue. It usually appears in the abdominal area, groin, or around previous surgical incisions. A hernia can be painful or cause a feeling of pressure.
What are the symptoms of a hernia?
The most common symptoms include:
- A visible lump or swelling in a specific area, often becoming more noticeable when standing, coughing, or straining.
- A feeling of heaviness or pressure in the area.
- Pain or discomfort, especially during physical activity.
- In some cases, the hernia may cause indigestion or be associated with nausea and vomiting, especially if a complication such as strangulation occurs.
Can a hernia be treated without surgery?
A hernia does not heal on its own. Although some small hernias may not cause immediate problems and can be monitored for a while, the definitive treatment is surgical. Hernia repair surgery is usually simple and safe, and helps prevent serious complications such as incarceration or strangulation of the hernia.
How should I prepare for hernia surgery?
Proper preparation is important for the successful outcome of the procedure. Your doctor may give you specific instructions, which usually include:
- Dietary instructions: Avoid consuming food and liquids for a certain period before the procedure.
- General examinations: You may need to undergo blood tests or cardiac examinations to ensure you are suitable for anesthesia.
• Comfortable clothes and organization: Prepare loose clothing for after the procedure and make sure someone is available to accompany you.
How is a hernia treated?
Hernia treatment is surgical, with two main methods:
- Open surgery: The doctor makes an incision in the area, returns the organ to its natural position, and reinforces the weak spot with a special mesh.
- Laparoscopic surgery: This is a minimally invasive method that involves small incisions and the use of a camera. It is ideal for faster recovery and less discomfort.
The choice of method depends on the type, size, and location of the hernia, as well as the patient’s health.
How long does recovery take?
Recovery time depends on the type of procedure and your general condition:
- Open surgery: Usually requires 4-6 weeks for full recovery, although most patients return to basic activities within 1-2 weeks.
- Laparoscopic surgery: Recovery is faster, with many patients returning to light activities within a few days.
In any case, it’s important to follow the instructions you’ll receive and avoid intense exercise and heavy lifting for the recommended period.
Η Κλινική
